Implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Governance, Institutional Capacity, and Implementation Gaps
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.47667/ijppr.v7i2.484关键词:
Free Nutritious Meal, Policy implementation, Public Governance, Implementation Fidelity摘要
The Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program is a national strategic policy that integrates nutrition fulfillment, education, social protection, and human resource development agendas. However, Indonesia’s scale and territorial heterogeneity create implementation challenges that cannot be explained solely through distribution achievements or nutritional outcomes. This study aims to synthesize scientific evidence on MBG implementation from a public policy perspective by examining gaps between policy design and practice, institutional capacity, inter-actor governance, local adaptation, and implementation fidelity. The study employs a systematic review guided by PRISMA 2020, with literature searches conducted through Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Crossref, and OpenAlex. Eligible studies were analyzed using narrative thematic synthesis with a deductive-inductive approach. The synthesis shows that MBG implementation does not follow a uniform pattern. The ability of Nutrition Fulfillment Service Units (Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi, SPPG), implementer competence, facility and logistics readiness, food safety, multilevel coordination, and the capacity to modify national standards to local conditions all play a role in the success of implementation. However, regulatory clarity and resource support are crucial foundations. When coverage growth is not followed by corresponding operational capacity, supervision, and policy-learning processes, gaps between policy-as-designed and policy-as-implemented occur. Policy design → implementation capacity → inter-actor governance → local adaptation → implementation fidelity → program outcomes are all positioned as interrelated mechanisms in this review's synthesis model. Therefore, a change from an expansion- and output-oriented strategy to adaptive governance that strikes a balance between standardization, local capacity, equity, food safety, accountability, and outcome-based monitoring is necessary for the sustainability of MBG.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
参考
Agnia, N., Asyifa, R., Himawan, A. F., Makarim, S. N., & Rahardian, R. (2026). Efektivitas implementasi kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) di Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi (SPPG) Yayasan Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah Kecamatan Pamulihan Kabupaten Sumedang. Jurnal Administrasi Publik dan Kebijakan.
Ariyani, N., Dema, H., & Irwan. (2026). Implementasi kebijakan dan tata kelola makanan bergizi gratis pada tingkat satuan pendidikan: Studi kasus di Kecamatan Baranti Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. PAPATUNG: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik, Pemerintahan dan Politik, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.54783/japp.v9i1.1579
Badan Gizi Nasional Republik Indonesia. (2025). Petunjuk teknis tata kelola penyelenggaraan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis: Keputusan Kepala Badan Gizi Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 401.1 Tahun 2025. Badan Gizi Nasional.
Badan Gizi Nasional Republik Indonesia. (2026). Pedoman teknis tata kelola Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di wilayah terpencil: Keputusan Kepala Badan Gizi Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 31679 Tahun 2026. Badan Gizi Nasional.
Bajuri, D., Fitria, N. J. L., Sugiarto, S., Fatimah, E. S., & Elawati. (2026). Kebijakan tata kelola pelaksanaan Makan Bergizi Gratis terhadap kelayakan implementasi berkelanjutan yang berdampak secara multiplier effect dengan pemanfaatan teknologi. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 12(1), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v12i1.18180
Cia, W. M. B., Hamdani, M., & Putra, M. Y. A. (2026). Evaluation of the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) policy in Indonesia based on William N. Dunn’s perspective. Jurnal Dialektika: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.63309/dialektika.v24i1.1055
Fajrin, A. H., Abidin, Z. N., & Ichsan, A. F. (2026). Dari kebijakan ke praktik: Kesiapan lembaga dan implementasi Makan Bergizi Gratis. Titian Ilmu: Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences, 18(1), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.30599/tj956t19
Hadinata, M. (2026). Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis di Indonesia di bawah Presiden Prabowo: Analisis kebijakan, fiskal, dan politik berdasarkan bukti internasional. Jurnal Bina Praja, 18(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.18.2026.2896
Hong, Q. N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M. P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., Rousseau, M. C., Vedel, I., & Pluye, P. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Education for Information, 34(4), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-180221
Hong, Q. N., Gonzalez-Reyes, A., & Pluye, P. (2018). Improving the usefulness of a tool for appraising the quality of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies, the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 24(3), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12884
Hong, Q. N., Pluye, P., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M. P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O’Cathain, A., Rousseau, M. C., & Vedel, I. (2019). Improving the content validity of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool: A modified e-Delphi study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 111, 49–59.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.008
Orbawati, E. B., Mukti, A., Fadlurrahman, Aufa, R., Karunia, I., & Ikhtiara, S. (2025). Policy to practice gap dalam Program Makan Bergizi Gratis: Studi SWOT di Magelang. Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik, 10(4), 797–810. https://doi.org/10.36982/jpp.v10i4.5982
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
Pramesthi, I. L., Wiradnyani, L. A. A., Anggraini, R., Februhartanty, J., Widaryat, W., Waluyo, B. H., Wahyunto, A. T., Mansyur, M., & Fahmida, U. (2025). Evaluating the impact of Indonesia's national school feeding program (ProGAS) on children's nutrition and learning environment: A mixed-methods approach. Nutrients, 17(22), 3575. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17223575
Purnawati, L., Nurhalisha, E. V. B., Rosidah, M., Ningtyas, N. F. W., & Kurniawan, A. A. (2026). Program Makan Bergizi Gratis sebagai instrumen kebijakan publik: Studi implementasi di Desa Jatimulyo. Governance: Jurnal Kebijakan & Manajemen Publik, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.38156/gjkmp.v16i1.406
Republik Indonesia. (2025). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 115 Tahun 2025 tentang Tata Kelola Penyelenggaraan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis.
Suprapto, F. A., Praditya, E., Dewi, R. M., & Adiyoso, W. (2025). A policy implementation review of the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 6(2), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v6i2.798
Tanziha, I., Arifin, S. R., Ekayanti, I., & Ahmad, A. (2025). The impact of a free nutritious meal program on elementary school students’ concentration levels. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 10(3), 790–800. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v10i3.2737
Tristiya, K. G., & Achidsti, A. (2026). Implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis: Studi kasus di Kota Yogyakarta. JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 11(1), 105–127. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v11i1.30499
Wibowo, B. T., Rianestu, F. A. S., Meirinawati, & Gaol, I. D. L. (2026). Analisis collaborative governance dalam implementasi Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG). Jurnal Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen, 5(2), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.55606/jupiman.v5i2.6122
Yuliani, F., Juniarsih, W., Prayitno, H. J., & Indri. (2026). Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis di Indonesia: Analisis implementasi, dampak terhadap sumber daya manusia, dan implikasinya pada kebijakan sistem pendidikan nasional. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v11i02.46281
##submission.downloads##
已出版
##submission.howToCite##
##submission.license##
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-sa4.footer##
